http://www.marxists.org/archive/leni...ranat/ch03.htm
Lenin wrote a some handy short guides to Marxism. One of them "Karl Marx - A Brief biographical sketch with an exposition of Marxism" has a good piece on "Marx's Economic Doctrine."
It's worth noting that economics is only one part of Marxism, the other parts being
philosophical (dialectical) materialism - "theory of knowledge," and
materialist (evolutionary) history - of which the class struggle and the economic base of society areimportant 'drivers.'
Lenin points out, in the section of Economic Doctrine, that Marx was not trying in Capital to set out fixed for all times rules for how economies work, he was "laying bare the economic law of motion of modern society" - i.e. capitalist society.
He is investigating "the relations of production a given, historically-defined society," in its origins, development and decline.
As the production of commodities is the main feature of capitalism, Marx starts out in Capital by "dissecting" the various different aspects of commodities, relating to exchange, value and production etc. - starting with value.
http://www.marxists.org/archive/leni...ranat/ch03.htm
Value
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