Table of Contents
1. Introduction .................................................. .................................................. .................. 5
2. Methodology .................................................. .................................................. ................. 7
2.1 Design .................................................. .................................................. .................................7
2.2 Data Collection .................................................. .................................................. .....................7
2.3 Participants .................................................. .................................................. ..........................8
2.4 Analysis .................................................. .................................................. ...............................8
3. Thematic Analysis .................................................. .................................................. .......... 9
3.1 Temporal Reference Effects .................................................. .................................................. ..9
3.1.1. Remembering the Boom .................................................. .................................................. .... 9
3.1.2 Suddenness of Recession .................................................. .................................................. .. 10
3.1.3 Nostalgia .................................................. .................................................. ........................... 11
3.2 Engagement with Politics and the Public Sphere .................................................. .................... 11
3.2.1 Power .................................................. .................................................. .............................. 11
3.2.2 Perceptions of Systemic Unfairness .................................................. ..................................... 13
3.2.3 Powerlessness and Inertia .................................................. .................................................. . 14
3.3 Media .................................................. .................................................. ................................ 15
3.3.1 Political Commentary .................................................. .................................................. ........ 15
3.3.2 Fuelling Anger and Unhappiness .................................................. ......................................... 15
3.3.3 Escapism .................................................. .................................................. ........................... 16
3.4. Gender Differences in Experience of Unemployment .................................................. ............ 16
3.4.1 Intruding in Wife’s Space .................................................. .................................................. ... 16
3.4.2 Masculinity Undermined .................................................. .................................................. ... 17
3.4.3 Women become Invisible .................................................. .................................................. .. 17
3.4.4 Women ‘Lack Self-Esteem’ .................................................. .................................................. 18
3.4.5 The Expansion of Household Tasks .................................................. ...................................... 18
3.5 Financial Strain .................................................. .................................................. ................... 18
3.5.1 Daily Living .................................................. .................................................. ........................ 18
3.5.2 Savings Behaviour .................................................. .................................................. ............. 20
3.5.3 Inadequacy of Unemployment Payments .................................................. ............................ 20
3.5.4 Family Tension .................................................. .................................................. .................. 21
3.6 Youth .................................................. .................................................. ................................ 21
3.6.1 Sympathy .................................................. .................................................. .......................... 21
3.6.2 Resentment .................................................. .................................................. ...................... 21
3.6.3 Age-Related Discrimination .................................................. ................................................. 22
3.6.4 Providing for Children .................................................. .................................................. ....... 22
3.7 Uncertainty about the Future .................................................. ................................................ 23
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3.7.1 External Factors .................................................. .................................................. ................ 23
3.7.2 Sense of Foreboding .................................................. .................................................. .......... 23
3.7.3 Opportunity .................................................. .................................................. ...................... 24
3.7.4 Social Welfare Status .................................................. .................................................. ......... 25
3.8 Lack of Structure/Routine .................................................. .................................................. ... 25
3.8.2 Boredom/Monotony .................................................. .................................................. ......... 26
3.8.3 Importance of Routine .................................................. .................................................. ...... 26
3.9 Health .................................................. .................................................. ............................... 27
3.9.1 Psychological Health .................................................. .................................................. ......... 27
3.9.2 Need for Positive Thinking .................................................. .................................................. . 29
3.9.3 Psychological Adaptation .................................................. .................................................. .. 29
3.9.4 Psychological Acceptance .................................................. .................................................. .. 30
3.9.5 Physical Health .................................................. .................................................. .................. 30
3.10 Identity and Social Approval .................................................. ................................................ 32
3.10.1 Loss .................................................. .................................................. ................................ 32
3.10.2 Strengthening Identity.......................................... .................................................. ............. 33
3.10.3 Judgement and Social Approval .................................................. ......................................... 33
3.11. Social Contact .................................................. .................................................. .................. 34
3.11.1 Work Colleagues .................................................. .................................................. ............. 34
3.11.2 Friends .................................................. .................................................. ........................... 35
3.11.3 Family .................................................. .................................................. ............................ 36
3.11.4 Job Search Colleagues .................................................. .................................................. ..... 38
3.12. Re-Entering Employment .................................................. .................................................. . 38
3.12.1 Losing Benefits and the Proliferation of Part-Time Work .................................................. ... 38
3.12.2 Over-Qualification .................................................. .................................................. ........... 39
3.12.3 Discrimination .................................................. .................................................. ................. 40
3.12.4 Number of Applicants .................................................. .................................................. ..... 40
3.12.5 Unfair Application Process .................................................. ................................................. 41
3.12.6 Threat from Outsiders .................................................. .................................................. ..... 41
3.12.7 Under-Qualified .................................................. .................................................. .............. 42
3.12.8 The Minimum Wage .................................................. .................................................. ........ 42
3.12.9 Cost of Re-Training .................................................. .................................................. .......... 42
3.13. Social Welfare .................................................. .................................................. .................. 43
3.13.1 Chaotic Environments .................................................. .................................................. ..... 43
3.13.2 Lack of Information .................................................. .................................................. ......... 43
3.13.3 ‘Just a Number’ .................................................. .................................................. ............... 44
3.13.4 Differential Services .................................................. .................................................. ........ 44
3.13.5 The Previously Self-Employed .................................................. ............................................ 45
3.14 Job Training and Placement .................................................. ................................................. 45
3.14.1 Expense........................................... .................................................. ................................. 45
3.14.2 Valueless Courses .................................................. .................................................. ............ 46
3.14.3 Work Placement Programme .................................................. ............................................ 46
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3.14.4 No Room for Graduates......................................... .................................................. ............ 47
4. Summary and Conclusions .................................................. ............................................. 47
5. References .................................................. .................................................. ................... 49
Appendix 1: .................................................. .................................................. ..................... 50
Demographic details of focus groups .................................................. ................................. 50
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